Crop Timing, Phenology and High Temperature Effects on Viticulture

In Europe, climate change is already reshaping the phenological calendar of grapevines. Approximately 78% of recorded events—such as bud break, flowering, and fruit set—are occurring earlier, driven by sustained temperature increases, while only 3% show delays. In renowned wine regions like Bordeaux and Veneto, temperatures have risen by as much as 2.3°C in recent decades, accelerating the onset of key developmental stages. These phenological changes directly affect yield, fruit quality, and ultimately, the economic value of wine.

Source: Droulia, F., & Charalampopoulos, I. (2022). A review of observed climate change in Europe and its impacts on viticulture. Atmosphere, 13(5), 837.